Une étude récente menée par les chercheurs de l’IRET a examiné ce problème. Ils ont pris des mesures directes de la biomasse de 101 arbres coupés dans la concession forestière d’Olam à Makokou et ils ont développé une série d’équations allométriques spécifiques à chaque site. Ils les ont alors testés contre quelques-unes des équations allométriques les plus utilisées dans la littérature. Bien que toutes les équations publiées ne fussent pas invalides dans leur site d’étude, plusieurs l’étaient et ils ont trouvé que l’une des équations allométriques la plus communément appliquée à l’Afrique centrale (l’équation de Chave et al. pour les forêts humides) surestimait la biomasse d’environ 40%.
Alors que les biais spécifiques aux sites peuvent avoir peu d’importance à une échelle globale, cette étude certainement soulève l’importance d’améliorer notre connaissance des espèces d’arbres africains pour des mesures plus exactes et précises de la biomasse.
English
Precise and verifiable estimates of forest carbon stocks in central Africa are essential for informed policy decisions, but the existing methods have inherent drawbacks. Measuring forest carbon relies on the biomass measurement of individual trees, which can only be directly measured through destructive means. Therefore, most estimates are based on other characteristics such as diameter or height, that are used in conjunction with an allometric equation that then allows biomass to be predicted. The drawback is that there is a sore lack of data from Africa to build these equations, so the allometric equations most commonly used have been developed using data from South America, where the relationships between tree height, diameter and biomass are better established, but may be very different to Central African tree species. However, restricting studies to allometric equations developed from specific sites in Africa may also incur a bias as sample sizes are generally very small.
A recent study led by IRET researchers examines this problem. They took direct biomass measurements of 101 harvested trees from the Makokou Olam logging concession and developed a series of site-specific allometric equations, which they then put to the test against some of the most widely used allometric equations in the literature. While not all published equations were invalid at their study site, several were, and they found that one of the most commonly used allometric equations applied in Central Africa (Chave et al's equation for moist forest) overestimated biomass by around 40%.
While site-specific biases may have little relevance at a global scale, this study certainly raises the importance of increasing our knowledge of African tree species for more accurate and precise biomass measurements.
Reference
Ngomanda, A., Laurier, N., Obiang, E., Lebamba, J., Moundounga, Q., Gomat, H., Sidoine, G., Loumeto, J., Midoko, D., Kossi, F., Zinga, R., Henga, K., Bobé, B., Mikala, C., Nyangadouma, R., Lépengué, N., Mbatchi, B. & Picard, N. (2014) Site-specific versus pantropical allometric equations: Which option to estimate the biomass of a moist central African forest? Forest Ecology and Management, i, 1–9.
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