Genetics expose the island-hopping reed frogs of Sao Tome
The oceanic islands of Sao Tome and Principe are millions of years old and have never been connected to mainland Africa. Due to their isolation they have accumulated hundreds of endemic species, including reed frogs of the genus Hyperolius , a diverse group found across Sub-Saharan Africa. Islands are good places to study evolutionary processes, and in the Gulf of Guinea, reed frogs are thought to be the islands' only endemic vertebrates to have diversified within a single island as well as having dispersed between islands. A new study looks at patterns of diversification and dispersal among reed frogs of Sao Tome and Principe. Using mitochondrial DNA and genome wide SNP markers, the researchers looked at Hyperolius molleri - endemic to the two islands - and the Endangered H. thomensis , found only on Sao Tome island. They compared them with the sister species H. cinnamomeoventris from neighbouring Gabon. They found that Hyperolius initially colonised the younger Sao Tome islan...